Hydrotreating is a process widely used in the petroleum industry for producing high quality fuels and as part of a scheme for upgrading heavy crude oil by reducing sulfur, nitrogen andor metal content chen et. Gas oil hydrotreating dao isomerate gas alkyl feed alkylate polymerization naphtha gases butanes lpg reformate naphtha fuel oil bottoms distillates distillate hydrotreating cat naphtha cycle oils sda bottoms coker naphtha heavy coker gas oil light coker gas oil sulfur plant sulfur naphtha fuel oil solvent dewaxing lube oil waxes. The first process hydrocracks vacuum residue in ebullated bed reactors in a single stage without heavy oil recycle. The study compares delayed coking plus hydrotreating vs. Distillate hydrocracking is a refining process for conversion of heavy gas oils and heavy diesels or similar boilingrange heavy distillates into light distillates naphtha, kerosene, diesel, etc. Therefore, it is important to have a specific designed catalyst that is suitable to the targeted heavy oil hydrocracking. A process for the hydrocracking of heavy oils andor oil residues, the process comprising the step of contacting the heavy oils andor oil residues with a nonmetallised carbonaceous additive in the presence of a hydrogencontaining gas at a temperature of from 250c to 600c, wherein the nonmetallised carbonaceous additive has an average pore size of at least 2nm. The hydrocracking hc process is able to remove the undesirable aromatic compounds from petroleum stocks producing cleaner fuels and more effective lubricants. Kinetic model for moderate hydrocracking of heavy oils. The process takes place in a hydrogenrich atmosphere at elevated temperatures 500800 f, 260425 c and pressures 35200 bars. We then develop process economics for two bitumen upgrading processes that both integrate hydrocracking with. Hydrocracking operating conditions atmospheric residue ar and vacuum residue vr are the most difficult feed to convert catalytically because they contain in a concentrated form most of the impurities contained in the crude oil and among them, asphaltens and metals essentially nickel and vanadium.
Various residue hydrocracking processes are now commercially employed using fixed bed, moving bed or ebullated bed reactors. Over the last several years we have seen an increased demand for high quality distillate fuels and this is expected to continue over the next decade. We then develop process economics for two bitumen upgrading processes that both integrate hydrocracking with hydrotreating of the hydrocracked gas oil and lighter products to produce sco. In contrast, hydrogen addition, as in the processes of hydrogenation and hydrocracking, enables the conversion of all the carbon present in heavy oil or crude oil to high value products without rejecting, or sacrificing, any. In the refining process, in general, the longer the hydrocarbon molecule, the higher the temperature it takes to boil it out of crude oil. Processes and catalysts for hydrocracking of heavy oil and residues. Refineries use a variety of calculations to determine the ratio of products they should make based on demand, market conditions, and the feedstock they work with. The process consists of causing feed to react with. Hydrocracking is one of the most versatile refining process for converting heavy fuel oil components into naphtha, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil or highquality. Slurry hydrocracking offers the maximum amount of upgrading and produces zero fuel oil. Nowadays, there are commercial catalytic hydrocracking. Mar 31, 2020 hydrocracking is a refinery process that converts feedstock into more usable components.
Hydrocracking is an important source of diesel and jet. Catalysts for slurryphase hydrocracking of heavy oil have undergone. This proprietary vacuum resid slurry hydrocracking vrsh technology has the potential to increase yields of gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel from heavy and ultraheavy crude oil and could be used to. Hydrocracking of heavy oils and residua is increasingly import to refiners due to increased global production of heavy and extra heavy crude oils coupled with increased demand worldwide for low sulfur middle distillates and residual fuel oils. The hydrocracker upgrades lowquality heavy gas oils. In other words, the main application is to upgrade vacuum gas oil alone or blended with other.
Hydrocracking of heavy oils and residua chemical production. It cracks heavy oil into gasoline and kerosene jet fuel. Us patent for process for hydrocracking heavy oil and oil. Diesel range material can also be drawn off at the separation steps to. Chemical processing how oil refining works howstuffworks. Processes and catalysts for hydrocracking of heavy oil and. Plant design and engineering advanced hydrocracking technology upgrades extra heavy oil. Chevron tests heavy oil hydrocracking technology chevron corp. The main scope of this research topic is zeolitebased catalysts for heavy oil hydrocracking to produce high quality gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, and other feedstocks for petrochemicals. Slurryphase hydrocracking of heavy oil and model reactant. Further, heavy oil that is derived from different geographical areas possess different properties. Hydrotreating is a process widely used in the petroleum industry for producing high quality fuels and as part of a scheme for upgrading heavy crude oil by reducing sulfur, nitrogen andor metal content chen et al. A mathematical model of a refinery defines the process capacity and product quantity, as shown in the table 1.
A catalytic hydrocracking process for heavy oil containing native asphaltene, comprising. Advanced hydrocracking technology upgrades extra heavy oil. The xrd and xps patterns suggested that the major existence form of dispersed mo catalyst in slurryphase hydrocracking was mos 2. Hydrocracking is a twostage process combining catalytic cracking and hydrogenation, where heavy feedstock is cracked in the presence of hydrogen to produce more desirable products. Hydrocracking process of fuel oil using halloysite modified by. Hydrocracking is a catalytic process widely used in refineries to convert heavy oil fractions into high quality middle distillates and light products such as diesel. Catalysts for slurryphase hydrocracking of heavy oil have undergone two development phases, that is, heterogeneous solid powder catalysts and homogeneous dispersed catalysts. The report then develops the process economics for hydrotreating two heavy oil feedstocks.
Hydrocracking, processing heavy feedstocks to maximize. A hydrocracking unit, or hydrocracker, takes gas oil, which is heavier and has a higher boiling range than distillate fuel oil, and cracks the heavy molecules into distillate and gasoline in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst. Resid hydrocracking better than delayed coking in case studies. Hydrocracking is a catalytic chemical process used in petroleum refineries for converting the highboiling hydrocarbons in petroleum to lowboiling products such as gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel and diesel oil.
Hydrocracking, processing heavy feedstocks to maximize high. Jun 15, 2005 in this work, a kinetic model for hydrocracking of heavy oils is proposed. It can be used to recover more value from crude oil and to meet the demand for specific products. What is hydrocracking technology in petroleum refining. It is important to conduct further research to develop new hydrocracking catalysts based on different types of zeolites. Therefore, catalyst used for heavy oil hydrocracking process is different from the normal distillate hydrocracking process. It takes heavy oil and cracks it into gasoline and kerosene jet fuel. Uops uniflex mc process is a slurry hydrocracking process which achieves the highest conversion and produces the maximum naphtha and diesel yield compared to other residue conversion technologies. Unlike a hydrotreater, hydrocracking uses hydrogen to break cc bonds hydrotreatment is conducted prior to hydrocracking to protect the catalysts in a hydrocracking process. One might ask, then, why would any refinery carry out any carbon rejection process instead of hydrogen addition. The hoil process uses ebullatedbed hydrocracking technology to process heavy feedstock residues such as vacuum gasoils vgo, deasphalted oils dao, coal derived oils, atmospheric and vacuum residue with high metals, ccr, sulfur, nitrogen, asphaltenes and solid contents that can cause rapid catalyst fouling and contamination.
The homogeneous dispersed catalysts are divided into watersoluble dispersed catalysts and oilsoluble dispersed catalysts. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed. Analysis of the thermal hydrocracking of heavy fuel oil. Hydrocracking processes distillate hydrocracking is a refining process for conversion of heavy gas oils and heavy diesels or similar boilingrange heavy distillates into light distillates naphtha, kerosene, diesel, etc. Hydrotreatment and hydrocracking of oil fractions g.
Catalysts for hydroprocessing of heavy oils and petroleum. However, when processing heavy fractions, such as heavy gas oils or. Thus hydrocracking becomes the technology of choice to address this market need. The hoil rc rc stands for resid cracking process uses ebullatedbed hydrocracking technology to process heavy feedstock residues atmospheric and vacuum residue with high metals, sulfur, nitrogen, asphaltenes and solid contents. Hydrocracking is an important source of diesel and jet fuel.
The resulting mix of converted and unconverted hydrocarbon is then separated. Kinetic parameters were estimated from the experimental results obtained in a fixedbed downflow reactor. Pdf hydrocracking kinetics of a heavy crude oil on a liquid. Hydrocracking process is one of the effective processes for obtaining motor fuels of high quality from heavy oil residues fuel oil, goudron. In a process for hydrocracking heavy hydrocarbons which comprises contacting the heavy hydrocarbons, at hydrocracking conditions under hydrogen pressure, with a molten metal halide catalyst system selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, zinc bromide, zinc iodide, antimony bromide, antimony iodide, tin bromide, titanium iodide, arsenic bromide, arsenic iodide. Refiners want to process such heavy feeds in order to maximize profitability from conversion units. Zeolitebased catalysts for heavy oil hydrocracking. Grange, editors processes and catalysts for hydrocracking of heavy oil and residues f. Duan state key laboratory of heavy oil processing, china university. Above, we compare catalytic cracking fcc a carbon rejection process with hydrocracking hydrcrc with respect to the major attributes of both projects. Catalysts for slurryphase hydrocracking of heavy oil have undergone two. A process for the hydrocracking of heavy oils andor oil residues, the process comprising the step of contacting the heavy oils andor oil residues with a nonmetallised carbonaceous additive in the presence of a hydrogencontaining gas at a temperature of from 250 c. The main feedstock is vacuum gas oil, a heavy fraction of petroleum.
The proposed lump kinetic model fitted the data for. New hydrogenaddition process yields middle distillates while zeroing fuel oil and coke production from vacuum residue. Ep3104968a1 process for hydrocracking heavy oil and oil. May 30, 2000 mixing a mixture of the separated coke and asphaltene with nonhydrocracked heavy oil to produce a feedstock for hydrocracking. Residue hydrocracking solutions for refinery sustainability. Thermal hydrocracking and catalytic hydrocracking of heavy oil and model reactant have been carried out to investigate the effect of dispersed mo catalyst on slurryphase hydrocracking. Topse31, 32 proposed that the sh groups on the mos 2 catalyst surface, which were created h.
The hydroconversion process of heavy oil and residue is one of the main processes for converting a heavy carbonaceous feedstock to lower. The thermal hydrocracking of mexican heavy fuel oil was studied at 1200 psia and different reaction temperatures 370, 380, 390 and 400c. The slurryphase hydrocracking is a promising technology, which could process inferior feedstock oils with the characteristics of high metal. Case studies 114,894 bytes to highlight the advantages of two popular vacuum residue upgrading routes, coking and. Chevron tests heavy oil hydrocracking technology oil. Clearly, in a flexible refinery with a wide range of crude oil feedstocks, both processes are needed for the optimum conversion of the crude oil into desirable refinery products. The temperature needed to boil out gasoline might be only 40 celsius while a temperature of over 400 celsius might be needed for heavy gas oil. Unconverted hydrocarbon can then be recycled to the hydrocracking step for further conversion, sent to a second hydrocracking vessel, or sent to another conversion unit as feed e. This pep report provides an overview of the heavy oil hydrocracking process, feed and product supply and demand, hydrocracking chemistry, catalysts and hardware technology since pep report 228, refinery residue upgrading, issued in 2000.
83 490 84 1268 269 968 1385 861 1548 1275 495 100 344 482 1023 776 710 1424 753 194 1464 886 1030 244 1631 1149 129 1322 1001 75 1535 1551 1411 578 1471 494 266 519 1216 779 276 359 1126 701 793